22 Jan
By Louis 0 Comments Freight forwarding service

东南亚至拉美货运航线深度剖析

在国际贸易的广阔版图中，东南亚至拉丁美洲的货运航线宛如一条条经济动脉，对全球贸易格局有着深远影响。接下来，我们深入探究各航运公司依托众多起运港构建的航线布局，以及这些航线如何服务于多样的目的港。

一、各航运公司航线布局

（一）ONE

 

ONE 广泛覆盖了多个起运港，包括 SINGAPORE、Port Klang、Penang、Pasir gudang、JAKARTA、SURABAYA、Semarang、Belawan、Laem Chabang、Bangkok、Haiphong、Ho Chi Minh、Manila South Harbour、Manila North Harbour、Sihanoukville，以及印度相关的 Mundra、Nhava Sheva、Pipavav、Chennai、Kattupali、Visakhapatnam、Cochin/Tuticorin，还有 Colombo、Chittagong、Karachi 等。

 

新加坡作为全球航运核心枢纽，凭借绝佳地理位置与完备设施，高效汇聚各类货物；Port Klang 作为马来西亚首要大港，是该国大宗商品与工业制成品的关键出口通道；印度的 Mundra、Nhava Sheva 等港口，在印度庞大的进出口贸易中扮演重要角色，源源不断地为 ONE 的航线输送货物。

 

从这些起运港出发的货物，经由盐田与釜山中转。盐田港凭借在中国华南地区卓越的集装箱处理能力与广泛的航线网络，高效汇集货物。釜山港作为东北亚重要枢纽，进一步调配货物，实现与拉美众多目的港，如 Manzanillo, PA/Colon Container Terminal/Balboa, CY、Kingston、Cartagena 等的顺畅衔接，为拉丁美洲市场带去来自亚洲各地的丰富商品。

（二）Maersk

 

Maersk 同样从上述众多起运港收集货物。例如，雅加达作为印尼最大的集装箱港口，能为 Maersk 提供电子产品、服装等大量货物；位于泰国的 Laem Chabang 则是泰国各类商品的重要输出港，这些货物都被纳入 Maersk 的运输体系。同时，来自 Chittagong 和 Karachi 等南亚港口的货物也在 Maersk 的业务范围内。

 

货物集中运往上海，上海港作为全球顶级大港，基础设施完备、航运服务丰富且全球连接广泛。Maersk 借助上海港，充分整合其全球物流网络，高效地将货物转运至拉美。像 Barranquilla、Caucedo、Altamira 等目的港，都通过 Maersk 的航线与亚洲紧密相连，保障了贸易的顺畅进行。

（三）Cosco

 

Cosco 精心挑选上述起运港作为货物的起始点。以菲律宾的 Manila South Harbour 和 Manila North Harbour 为例，它们为 Cosco 提供了菲律宾当地及周边地区的产品，如农产品、轻工业品等。而位于印度的 Chennai、Kattupali、Visakhapatnam 等港口，则为 Cosco 的航线注入了来自印度东部地区的各类货物。

 

依托上海、宁波、青岛进行中转。上海港奠定了坚实基础，宁波港作为深水良港，凭借强大集装箱处理能力与高效物流运作体系，提升货物中转效率。青岛港凭借北方地理位置优势，为 Cosco 的航线布局增添灵活性，满足东南亚至拉美不同货源地与目的地需求，例如服务于 Rio Haina、Puerto Cortes、Santo Tomas de Castilla 等目的港。

（四）CMA

 

CMA 从 SINGAPORE、Penang、Pasir gudang 等港口收集货物，这些港口凭借自身优势，为 CMA 提供了多样化的货物资源。例如，Penang 作为马来西亚北部的物流中枢，为 CMA 提供了电子产品、纺织品等货物。同时，来自印度的 Mundra、Nhava Sheva 等港口以及孟加拉国的 Chittagong 等港口的货物也汇聚于此。

 

以上海为主要中转港开展运输。上海港的核心地位使其能为 CMA 提供充足货源与便捷转运条件，助力 CMA 发挥全球航运网络优势，满足客户多样化运输需求，为 Port of Spain、San Juan、Georgetown 等目的港输送货物。

（五）MSC

 

MSC 从众多起运港收集货物，如 Surabaya、Semarang、Belawan 等。Surabaya 作为印尼东爪哇的重要港口，为 MSC 提供了当地工业制成品和农产品；Belawan 则凭借其在苏门答腊岛北部的地理位置，为 MSC 提供了橡胶、棕榈油等货物。同时，来自巴基斯坦 Karachi 等港口的货物也通过 MSC 的航线开启旅程。

 

选择经由上海连接东南亚与拉美。上海港的优越条件，如庞大的吞吐量、完善的配套设施以及密集的航线连接，使 MSC 能够在此高效汇聚货物，借助自身航线网络，将货物稳定、可靠地运往 Colon Free Zone（Panama）、Port – au – Prince、Paramaribo 等拉美目的港。

（六）EMC

 

EMC 以 SINGAPORE、Haiphong、Ho Chi Minh 等港口为起点收集货物。新加坡作为航运枢纽，为 EMC 提供了丰富的货物资源；Haiphong 和 Ho Chi Minh 则是越南重要的贸易港口，为 EMC 提供了越南的各类产品，如电子产品、纺织品等。此外，还包括印度的 Mundra、Nhava Sheva 等港口以及柬埔寨的 Sihanoukville 等港口的货物。

 

以高雄为关键中转节点。高雄港在东南亚与东北亚贸易往来中地位重要，其地理优势与物流设施，能助 EMC 汇集东南亚货物，并通过与其他港口协作，将货物转运至 Moin、Veracruz 等拉美目的港。

（七）ZIM

 

ZIM 通常从上述起运港中选择部分港口，如 Bangkok、Manila South Harbour 等，并利用其特定航线，如 ZIM Aries (ZA9)，倾向于采用直航服务连接部分东南亚港口与拉美目的地。这种方式减少中转环节，提高运输效率，满足对时间敏感货物的运输需求。

 

根据不同季节、贸易淡旺季等因素，对其航线进行调整和优化。在贸易旺季，增加航班频次；在淡季，通过调整航线配置降低运营成本，保持市场竞争力，为 Panama City、Arica、Puerto Caldera 等目的港提供更具针对性的航运服务。

二、各航线优势与劣势

（一）优势

 

  1. 广泛的网络覆盖：各航运公司凭借众多起运港和精心选择的中转港，构建了广泛的全球运输网络。从东南亚的各个角落到拉丁美洲的众多目的地，都能实现货物的运输，满足不同客户的多样化需求。
  2. 港口设施优良：无论是起运港如新加坡、上海，还是中转港盐田、釜山等，都配备现代化的港口设施。先进的集装箱装卸设备、充足的仓储空间以及高效的海关和物流服务，保障货物快速中转，降低延误风险，提升运输效率。
  3. 服务频率较高：这些大型航运公司在其航线上通常提供较高服务频率。托运人可根据自身生产与销售计划，灵活选择运输时间，增强供应链灵活性。

（二）劣势

 

  1. 港口拥堵风险：诸如上海、新加坡、Port Klang 等繁忙港口，在货运高峰或遇特殊事件（如自然灾害、罢工）时，易出现拥堵。港口拥堵会导致船舶延误，延长货物整体运输时间，影响托运人生产销售计划。
  2. 中转风险增加：每次中转意味着货物需额外装卸搬运，增加货物受损、丢失或错放风险。尽管航运公司采取措施降低风险，但中转环节越多，风险越高，如 ONE 的双中转模式。
  3. 成本波动：不同港口的港口费用、燃油附加费及汇率波动等因素，会导致运输成本波动。托运人选择航线时，需综合考虑基本运费及潜在成本变化，如港口费用调整可能影响航线成本。

三、托运人选择建议

（一）基于货物类型选择

 

  1. 高价值、易腐坏或时间敏感货物：优先考虑运输速度快、可靠性高的航线。例如，ZIM 的直航服务若能满足时效要求，可能适合此类货物。ONE 的盐田 – 釜山航线若运输时效短，也可作为选择。
  2. 大批量、非时间敏感货物：成本效益为首要考虑。Cosco 因多港选择可能提供更具竞争力价格，适合此类货物运输。EMC 若能凭借高雄中转在成本控制上有优势，也会吸引此类托运人。

（二）依据目的地精准选择

 

托运人需根据货物在拉美的具体目的地，研究各航运公司航线连接性与中转便利性。某些偏远或特定港口，可能只有部分航运公司航线能提供更直接高效服务。如目的地靠近拉美某特定区域，Cosco 通过青岛港中转的航线可能在连接性上更具优势。

（三）参考服务可靠性

 

托运人应参考航运公司历史服务记录、客户评价及应对突发情况能力。如 Maersk 在行业内口碑良好，处理运输问题经验丰富，能为托运人提供信心。MSC 若在服务可靠性方面表现突出，也会成为重要选择因素 。

 

SINGAPORE（新加坡），作为东南亚重要的航运中心之一，拥有先进的港口设施和高效的物流服务，连接着全球各大洲的贸易航线。Port Klang（巴生港）位于马来西亚，是马来西亚最大的港口，也是东南亚地区重要的货物中转枢纽，有多个码头和良好的深水航道，可接纳大型船舶。Penang（槟城港），马来西亚的重要港口之一，以处理集装箱、散货和石油产品等为主，在马来西亚的对外贸易中占据重要地位。Pasir gudang（巴西古当港）位于马来西亚柔佛州，是马来西亚的主要港口之一，主要处理石油化工产品、液体散货等，也是地区性的工业和物流中心。JAKARTA（雅加达），印度尼西亚的首都，其港口是该国最大的港口，承担着印度尼西亚大量的进出口贸易，货物种类丰富，涵盖了各种工业制品和农产品等。SURABAYA（泗水港），印度尼西亚第二大港口，是东爪哇省的重要经济门户，在印度尼西亚的国内和国际贸易中发挥着重要作用，主要处理煤炭、矿石、农产品等货物。Semarang（三宝垄港），印度尼西亚中爪哇省的主要港口，以出口当地的农产品和工业制品为主，同时也是该地区的商业和交通中心。Belawan（勿拉湾港）位于印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛北部，是苏门答腊岛重要的港口之一，主要处理橡胶、棕榈油等农产品以及石油、天然气等资源类产品的进出口。Laem Chabang（林查班港），泰国最大的集装箱港口，位于泰国湾东岸，是泰国重要的海运枢纽，承担着泰国大部分的进出口集装箱运输任务，与全球各大港口有着密切的贸易往来。Bangkok（曼谷港），泰国的重要港口，位于湄南河河畔，主要处理一般货物、农产品和工业制品等，由于其内河港口的特点，对于泰国国内的内河运输和对外贸易都至关重要。Haiphong（海防港），越南北方最大的港口，是越南重要的工业和贸易中心之一，主要进出口货物包括煤炭、矿石、机械设备、农产品等，在越南的经济发展中占据重要地位。Ho Chi Minh（胡志明港），越南南方最大的港口，也是越南重要的经济中心之一，承担着越南大量的进出口贸易，货物种类繁多，涵盖了电子产品、服装、农产品等各类商品。Manila South Harbour 和 Manila North Harbour（马尼拉南港和马尼拉北港），菲律宾首都马尼拉的两个重要港口，是菲律宾的主要贸易门户，处理着各种货物的进出口，包括农产品、矿产品、工业制品等，在菲律宾的经济和贸易中起着关键作用。Sihanoukville（西哈努克港），柬埔寨最大的海港，是柬埔寨重要的经济特区和旅游胜地，近年来随着柬埔寨经济的发展，港口的货物吞吐量不断增长，主要处理集装箱、石油产品、农产品等货物。
拉美港口英文简介：
  1. Kingstown: Kingstown is an important port in the Caribbean region. It has facilities to handle both containerized and general cargo. It serves as a key entry point for goods arriving in the Caribbean islands. For shipments from Southeast Asia, it is a destination for a variety of consumer goods, electronics, and machinery parts, catering to the local market’s needs.
  2. Hamilton, Bermuda: Hamilton is a significant port in Bermuda. It has a well-developed infrastructure and is known for handling high-value and luxury goods. It is a destination for products such as designer clothing, jewelry, and high-end electronics from Southeast Asia, serving the affluent market in Bermuda.
  3. Free Port, Bs: This port is likely to be a free trade zone port. It offers various incentives and facilities for trade, attracting a wide range of goods. It could be a destination for products looking for preferential treatment and efficient processing, such as specialty foods, handicrafts, and high-tech components.
  4. Aruba: Aruba is a popular tourist destination and also has a port that plays an important role in the local economy. It receives shipments of consumer goods, construction materials, and food products. For the Southeast Asia – Latin America trade, it is a destination for goods that support the tourism industry and local infrastructure development.
  5. Santiago, Cuba: Santiago is an important city in Cuba, and its port is a key gateway for imports. It receives a variety of goods from Southeast Asia, including machinery for the industrial sector, medical supplies, and consumer goods. The port is crucial for Cuba’s economic development and trade relations with the international community.
  6. Willemstad, Cw: Willemstad is the capital city of Curaçao and has a significant port. It has facilities for handling oil and gas products, as well as general cargo. It is a destination for energy-related products and industrial equipment from Southeast Asia, playing an important role in the local energy and manufacturing sectors.
  7. Saint Johns: Saint Johns is a port in an important region. It serves as a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, building materials, and consumer goods. It caters to the local market’s demand and is an important link in the regional trade network.
  8. Saint Georges: Saint Georges is another significant port. It has the capacity to handle different types of cargo and is a destination for goods such as textiles, furniture, and electronics. It contributes to the economic activities of the surrounding area by facilitating the import of necessary products.
  9. Roseau: Roseau is a port in a particular region. It is a destination for goods like agricultural produce, handicrafts, and basic consumer goods. It plays a role in supplying the local market and promoting regional trade.
  10. Port Lafito: Port Lafito might be a specialized port. It could be a destination for specific types of cargo, such as heavy machinery, construction equipment, or industrial raw materials. Its facilities and location make it suitable for handling such goods and contributing to local industrial development.
  11. Point Lisas: Point Lisas is likely to be associated with the energy or chemical industry. It could be a destination for products related to these sectors, such as petrochemicals, fertilizers, and energy equipment. It is an important node in the regional industrial supply chain.
  12. Philipsburg, Saint Martin: Philipsburg is a port in Saint Martin. It is a destination for luxury goods, electronics, and high-quality consumer products. It caters to the tourism and high-end consumer market in the region, receiving shipments from Southeast Asia.
  13. Oranjestad, An: Oranjestad is a port in a particular area. It serves as a destination for a variety of goods, including clothing, footwear, and household items. It supports the local retail and consumer sectors by providing a range of products.
  14. Nassau, Bs: Nassau is the capital city of the Bahamas and has an important port. It is a destination for a wide range of goods, from consumer electronics to building materials. It plays a crucial role in the Bahamas’ economy and trade relations.
  15. Montego Bay: Montego Bay is a popular tourist destination and also has a port. It receives shipments of food products, hotel supplies, and tourist-related items. It is an important destination for goods that support the tourism industry in the region.
  16. Mariel: Mariel is a port in Cuba. It has been developed for various trade activities and is a destination for goods such as machinery, transportation equipment, and agricultural products. It contributes to Cuba’s economic development and trade diversification.
  17. Maracaibo: Maracaibo is a major port in Venezuela. It is a destination for oil and gas products, as well as related equipment and chemicals. It is an important hub in the energy sector and plays a crucial role in Venezuela’s oil exports and imports of necessary goods.
  18. Guaranao: Guaranao could be a port in a specific region. It might be a destination for agricultural products, livestock, or related products. It serves the local and regional market by facilitating the import and distribution of these goods.
  19. Guanta: Guanta is a port in Venezuela. It has facilities for handling oil and gas products and is also a destination for industrial equipment and consumer goods. It is an important link in Venezuela’s trade network.
  20. George Town, Cayman Islands: George Town is the capital city of the Cayman Islands and has a port. It is a destination for financial services-related equipment, high-end consumer goods, and luxury items. It caters to the needs of the local financial and tourism sectors.
  21. El Guamache: El Guamache could be a port in a particular area. It might be a destination for specific types of products, such as fishing equipment, marine products, or local handicrafts. It plays a role in the local economy and trade.
  22. Charlotte Amalie: Charlotte Amalie is a port in the Virgin Islands. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including jewelry, electronics, and tourist souvenirs. It is an important part of the local economy and trade network.
  23. Castries: Castries is a port in Saint Lucia. It is a destination for agricultural products, food items, and consumer goods. It serves the local market and promotes regional trade.
  24. Bridgetown: Bridgetown is a port in Barbados. It is a destination for a range of goods, from building materials to consumer electronics. It plays an important role in Barbados’ economy and trade relations.
  25. Belize City: Belize City is the largest city in Belize and has a port. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, fishing equipment, and construction materials. It is crucial for Belize’s economic development and trade activities.
  26. Barcadera: Barcadera could be a port in a specific region. It might be a destination for goods such as mining equipment, industrial raw materials, or local handicrafts. It serves the local and regional market by facilitating the import and distribution of these goods.
  27. Guaymas: Guaymas is a port in Mexico. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including seafood products, agricultural produce, and industrial equipment. It plays an important role in the local economy and trade relations.
  28. Panama City: Panama City is the capital city of Panama and has a major port. It is a key destination for goods passing through the Panama Canal. It is a hub for transshipment and also a destination for a wide range of products, including electronics, machinery, and consumer goods.
  29. Colon Free Zone: The Colon Free Zone in Panama is a major free trade area. It is a destination for a vast array of goods, from textiles to electronics. It offers significant trade advantages and is a crucial node in the global trade network.
  30. Colon (Cct): Colon is an important port in Panama. It is a destination for goods related to the shipping and logistics industry, as well as general cargo. It plays an important role in Panama’s trade and economic activities.
  31. Cristobal: Cristobal is a port in Panama. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including heavy machinery, construction materials, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Panama’s port infrastructure and trade network.
  32. Balboa: Balboa is a port in Panama. It is a destination for goods related to the shipping and logistics industry, as well as general cargo. It is an important link in the trade route passing through Panama.
  33. Manzanillo, Pa: Manzanillo in Panama is an important port. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, mining equipment, and consumer goods. It plays an important role in the local and regional economy.
  34. Cartagena: Cartagena is a major port in Colombia. It is a destination for a wide range of goods, including oil and gas products, agricultural produce, and industrial equipment. It is an important hub in Colombia’s trade and economic activities.
  35. Puerto Limon: Puerto Limon is a port in Costa Rica. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, forest products, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Costa Rica’s trade network.
  36. Moin: Moin is a port in Costa Rica. It is a destination for goods such as bananas, coffee, and other agricultural products. It is crucial for Costa Rica’s agricultural exports.
  37. Puerto Cortes: Puerto Cortes is a port in Honduras. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including bananas, coffee, and other agricultural products. It is an important part of Honduras’ trade network.
  38. San Lorenzo: San Lorenzo is a port in a particular region. It might be a destination for agricultural products, livestock, or related products. It serves the local and regional market by facilitating the import and distribution of these goods.
  39. Puerto Caldera: Puerto Caldera is a port in Costa Rica. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, forest products, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Costa Rica’s trade network.
  40. Acajutla: Acajutla is a port in El Salvador. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including coffee, sugar, and other agricultural products. It is an important part of El Salvador’s trade network.
  41. Corinto: Corinto is a port in Nicaragua. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, mining equipment, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Nicaragua’s trade network.
  42. Puerto Quetzal: Puerto Quetzal is a port in Guatemala. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including coffee, sugar, and other agricultural products. It is an important part of Guatemala’s trade network.
  43. Santo Tomas De Castilla: Santo Tomas De Castilla is a port in Guatemala. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including coffee, sugar, and other agricultural products. It is an important part of Guatemala’s trade network.
  44. Montevideo: Montevideo is the capital city of Uruguay. Its port is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, livestock, and industrial equipment. It is an important part of Uruguay’s trade network.
  45. Buenos Aires: Buenos Aires is the capital city of Argentina. Its port is a destination for a wide range of goods, including agricultural products, machinery, and consumer goods. It is a major hub in Argentina’s trade and economic activities.
  46. Itapoá: Itapoá is a port in Brazil. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, mining equipment, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Brazil’s trade network.
  47. Itaguai: Itaguai is a port in Brazil. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, mining equipment, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Brazil’s trade network.
  48. Itajaí: Itajaí is a port in Brazil. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, mining equipment, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Brazil’s trade network.
  49. Rio Grande: Rio Grande is a port in Brazil. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, fishing equipment, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Brazil’s trade network.
  50. Navegantes: Navegantes is a port in Brazil. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, mining equipment, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Brazil’s trade network.
  51. Paranaguá: Paranaguá is a port in Brazil. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, mining equipment, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Brazil’s trade network.
  52. Santos: Santos is a major port in Brazil. It is a destination for a wide range of goods, including coffee, sugar, and other agricultural products. It is a major hub in Brazil’s trade and economic activities.
  53. Rio De Janeiro: Rio De Janeiro is a major city in Brazil. Its port is a destination for a variety of goods, including agricultural products, machinery, and consumer goods. It is an important part of Brazil’s trade and economic activities.
  54. Buenaventura: Buenaventura is a port in Colombia. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including coffee, coal, and other agricultural and mining products. It is an important part of Colombia’s trade network.
  55. Guayaquil: Guayaquil is a major port in Ecuador. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including bananas, coffee, and other agricultural products. It is a major hub in Ecuador’s trade and economic activities.
  56. Puerto Angamos: Puerto Angamos is a port in Chile. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including copper, fish products, and other mining and fishing products. It is an important part of Chile’s trade network.
  57. Antofagasta: Antofagasta is a major port in Chile. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including copper, nitrate, and other mining products. It is a major hub in Chile’s trade and economic activities.
  58. Coronel: Coronel is a port in Chile. It is a destination for a variety of goods, including steel, forest products, and other industrial and agricultural products. It is an important part of Chile’s trade network.
  59. Valparaiso: Valparaiso is a major port in Chile. It is a destination for a variety of goods,

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published.